Class 10 Computer MCQs Chapter 1 Architecture of OS with Answers Pdf download 2026
Looking for Class 10 Computer MCQs Chapter 1 Architecture of OS ( Operating System ; Structure and Services ) PDF? You are in the right place.
Here you can download free solved MCQs with answers based on the latest Punjab Board 2026 Computer Science & Entrepreneurship syllabus.
These important multiple-choice questions help students prepare for board exams, school tests, quizzes, and entry tests while strengthening their understanding of Operating System Architecture.
1.2 Architecture of an Operating System
The architecture of an operating system is the way how its parts are organized and how they work together. Each part has a special role, and together they make the computer work smoothly just like a school has different departments that perform specific duties but work together for the smooth working of the school.
1.2.1 Kernel vs Shell
I. Kernel: The kernel is the core part of the operating system. That directly controls the computer’s system software and hardware such as the CPU, memory, and devices, as shown in Figure 1.1. It decides how and when different programs can use these resources.
Example: When you open a file, the kernel manages the process of reading it from the hard drive and sending it to the screen. Like Engine of a car work is kernel and accessories like steering wheel, dashboard is shell.
II. Shell: The shell is the outer part of the OS that interacts with the user, also depicted in Figure 1.1. It receives commands from the user and passes them to the kernel. Shells can be:
Graphical shells (like Windows desktop) where you click icons and use menus.
Command-line shells (like the Command Prompt or Terminal) are where you type instructions.
1.2.2 OS Layers and Modular Design
In operating systems, the design is divided into layers, where each layer has a specific job:
1. Lower layer work directly with hardware devices like the CPU, RAM, and storage, Hard disk.
2. Middle layer manage these resources and make sure programs can use them when needed.
3. Upper layer run applications and provide the interface that the user views on the screen.
Each layer depends on the one below it. This design makes the operating system easier to manage, repair, and improve without changing the whole system. Example: A school system can be used as an example to understand the layered architecture of an operating system:
The support staff (like guards and cleaners) work at the base, keeping the school ready (like the lower layers working with hardware).
The administration manages resources, schedules, and rules (like the middle layers managing memory and storage).
The teachers and students use these arrangements to teach and learn (like the upper layers running applications and interacting with users).
1.2.3 System Libraries and Device Drivers
System libraries are collections of ready-made instructions that programs can use to perform common tasks, such as opening files or showing text on the screen.
Example: When a photo editing app needs to open an image, it uses the operating system’s library to read the file. This way, the app does not have to create its own method to open pictures.
Device drivers are special programs that allow the operating system to communicate with hardware devices such as printers, keyboards, and graphics cards.
